Jon Krakauers Into The Wild - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 940 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Into The Wild Essay Did you like this example? There are so many unexplored areas of the United States, that many trek into the unknown. Into the Wild, by Jon Krakauer tells of the true story of a young Emory graduate named Chris McCandless who sets out to survive in the wilderness of Alaska without proper preparation. He is found dead in September 1992 at the age of 24. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jon Krakauers Into The Wild" essay for you Create order The author retells the destressing yet inspiring events that led up to Chris McCandless death. Jon Krakauer utilizes logos and ethos, vivid imagery, and anecdote to explain that McCandless journey into the dangers of Alaska was not so unusual and crazy that others have perceived it to be. One of the main reason on why Krakauer wrote this book was to show that Chris was not some reckless or arrogant kid but instead a smart, courageous man. In order to do this, Krakauer uses the rhetorical devices of logos and ethos. Krakauer notes that, Chris was an Emory Graduate where he had been a columnist for and editor for the school newspaper and distinguished himself as a history and anthropologist with a 3.72 GPA (Krakauer, 20). Krakauer does this in order to show to the audience that there was much more to Chriss story than him being completely insane. Chris was intelligent and was on the way to becoming an incredibly successful man. This shows a side of Chris that appeals to peoples logos and makes them think differently of this boy. The question that then pops into ones mind is, How could such a bright kid make such a thoughtless mistake? This intrigues the reader and keeps them immersed in the book. An example of ethos is in the fourth chapter of the novel where Krakauer describes Chris on his two-month journey in the United States. He mentions how McCandlesss parents hired a private detective. The investigator began an extensive search, and finally found information in December, he learned from an inspection of tax records that Chris had given away his college fund to OXFAM. (Krakauer 31). The fact that Chris donated his college fund to charity also casts him in a gracious,moral light. The ironic thing is that OXFAM is an organization dedicated to feeding starving people, and that Chris McCandless died of starvation. Either way, this appeal to ethos also makes people view Chris in a better light, perhaps to make them feel like he was a great person. Another reason that Krakauer decided to write this novel is to show the audience who do not understand Chriss motives or are unsure to whether empathize or pity him, the reason why Chris had to go to Alaska. In the second chapter of Into the Wild, Krakauer begins describing the beautiful landscape of Alaska. Krakauers detailed and graphic diction brings the state of Alaska to life. Krakauer adds an epilogue from White Fang by Jack London to describe the weather conditions and add to the imagery in the chapter. The landscape consisted of a Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway. The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost (9). Alaska is described as the Wild, the savage, frozenhearted Northland Wild (9). The author adds the epilogue from White Fang to help the readers better visualize the arctic and freezing wilderness of Alaska. The description creates a life-like image of the territory in the mind of the readers. Jon Krakauer makes use of dramatic imagery in order to effectively emit the authors perspective of Alaska, give background information on the setting of McCandless whereabouts, and make the readers feel as if they are freezing in the numbing cold of the Alaskan wilderness too. McCandless strategically planned his expedition across the country, starting by completely shredding his identity. But it begs the question why? Why would someone give up their whole entire existence to live in solitude? Was it arrogance or was he an unrealistic idealist? What Christopher McCandless represents is solely up for interpretation. How the audience interprets this story is up the individual who is reading the book. McCandless had always dreamed of just getting lost in the Alaska terrain but little did he know that would be his last adventure. While reading about McCandless life and death, one can almost claim that McCandless purposely did what he did in order for his story to be told. He left his writings in hope that one day someone will find them. However, it is held that McCandless had no intention of dying in the bus. One will never know what his plan was after leaving Alaska, and if he ever even planned to leave Alaska. Krakauer includes his own anecdote to show that he understands what Chris went through because he went through a similar situation as well. He uses it in his novel in order to prove to the audience that Chris is not crazy since he isnt either. The hint of what was concealed in those shadows terrified. In sight of something in the glimpse, some forbidden and elemental riddle. (Krakauer 156). Both Chris and Krakauer were both at one point in their lives searching for something in the wild, which made his tone in the novel empathetic. Krakauer proposes this argument in order to prove to the audience that McCandless was not insane for having this adventure due to the fact that Krakauer himself was not for having his. Author Jon Krakauer effectively utilizes rhetorical devices such as logos and ethos, imagery, and anecdote in the novel Into the Wild in order to convince the audience that Chris McCandless was not the type of person, people made him out to be.

The Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution Essay

Margee Herrington Section 3 Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. pp. 6, 63. Christopher Read, the author of the book From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21, is a professor at the University of Warwick in Europe. Read teaches twentieth-century European history. He specializes in the social history of the Russian Revolution and the intellectual history of the Russian intelligentsia between 1900 and 1995. This book is about the Russian Revolution, which is a pair of Revolutions put together. This is known as a broad topic today. From Tsar to Soviets brought up new information on relativities on participating and living through such events and it talks about the way men and women had to live their lives in the villages and towns in Russia. Read talks about many of the hardships and how they had to overcame these hardships through-out this revolution. It was seen as peasants against landlords, nationalists against Great Russians and workers against capitalists. One of Read’s goals was to put more emphasis on social history i n this book. Following the introduction, Read starts chapter one with the title â€Å"Why was Russia Revolutionary?† (Read, 6). Read states that Russia is revolutionary because of rural crisis, Industrial innovation, and PoliticalShow MoreRelatedThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1295 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Following the Second World War, complications arose centering on the shifting of international power. The Soviet Union wanted to acquire additional territory, while the United States attempted to limit the gains desired by the soviets. This battle of ideology has resulted in an increase in National security, Diplomatic tension and Proxy wars between the two powerful nations.For over three hundred years, Russia had been controlled by an autocratic government known as the tsarist regime. This empireRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1749 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1917, two revolutions completely changed the constitution of Russia. The Russian Mona rchy was removed from power, placing Lenin and the Bolshevik party as the head of the newly formed Soviet Russia, resulting in the formation of the world s first communist country. Traditional culture of the Imperial Russia was cast aside and a new Soviet culture began to take shape. The rise of the Bolsheviks ensued major reforms which predominantly focused on wide spread cultivation and spreading of Marxist-LeninistRead MoreRussian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1238 Words   |  5 Pageslives and liberty. This incorporation of force caused repression and unrest amongst the people and the Russian Revolution was essentially an outburst from this. (Columbia Encyclopedia, n.d). The Russian Revolution consisted of two separate strikes in 1917, the first of which overthrew the imperial government and the second strike which placed the Bolshevik party in power. The Russian Revolution evidently brought a drastic transformation to the government, society and economy of Russia. The communistRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesMoreover, the Russian Revolution was the outcome of the communist party wanting to have complete control over the citizens in Russia. They displayed this idea with their thoughts about removing the practice of religion. They saw religion as an â€Å"opium,† for they believed it caused the people to be inactive –mainly the working class (Brose, 167). For they saw religion as a malicious idea, which caused them to see churches as a danger to the bourgeoisie because they believed that the proletarians wereRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of The Soviet Union1654 Words   |  7 Pages The Russian Red Army liberated Berlin from Nazi dominance and control in 1945, installing their own governmental ideologies, social, economic, and political terms. Contracting postwar governments, in the post war period immediately after the war known as Zero Hour. Once the Russians liberated Germany a ny type of governmental stability and law/order just deteriorated. In its wake building East Germany to become known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR) under the control of the Soviet UnionRead MoreThe Russian Bolshevik Revolution And The Soviet Revolution1578 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution provides some of the most dynamic and complex parts of history. New countries and governing systems arise from revolution, and these changes not only affect said countries, but also the rest of the world. In the case of the Russian Bolshevik Revolution, the political changes that occurred sent the rest of the world into panic, as they sensed a dangerous threat to their political and social systems. With social and political issues tracing back to 1891, the conditions of Russia in 1917Read MoreRussian Politics Final Questions On The Soviet Revolution3732 Words   |  15 PagesScott Talentino Robert Nalbandov Russian Politics Russian Politics Final-Questions 1 3 Question 1-What were the most important causes of the fall of the Tsarist regime and its replacement by a â€Å"Socialist† system? Throughout various episodes in history, multiple variables contribute to the rise and collapse of different regimes. During the later stages of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, the Tsarist regime teetered towards collapse and eventually faced its demise due to a plethora of factorsRead MoreLeon Trotsky s Influence On The Soviet Revolution1496 Words   |  6 Pagesrevolutionary who played a leading role in the 1905 Revolution, in the eventual Communist Revolution of October 1917, and in the Russian Civil War. Without Trotsky’s impact in the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks would have been defeated. His own beliefs on Marxism combined with his intellect made Trotsky a target and influential leader in the Soviets. From his studies on Marxism, he created Trotskyism, a Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution. Also, his organization-building skills andRead MoreThe History of the Russian Revolution Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Russian Revolution is a widely studied and seemingly well understood time in modern, European history, boasting a vast wealth of texts and information from those of the likes of Robert Service, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Allan Bullock, Robert Conquest and Jonathan Reed, to name a few, but none is so widely sourced and so heavily relied upon than that of the account of Leon Trotsky, his book â€Å"History of the Russian Revolution† a somewhat firsthand account of the events leading up to the formationRead MoreKarl Marx and The Russian Revolution Essay example967 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx, a German philosopher, is known for his revolutionary political ideas during the Russian Revolution. He established the idea of â€Å"materialist conception of history†, meaning how society and the economy is organized is determined by changes material conditions. He published this thesis in his manuscript called The German Ideology. While writing The German Ideology, Marx also joined the Communist Lea gue, an international proletarian organization, and wrote a polemic against P.J. Proudhon’s

5 Stategies to Involve Parents Free Essays

A suggestion box is an ideal tool for parents on the go. This gives parents the opportunity to be involved without cutting into their busy schedules. Also this benefits those parents whom like to anonymously suggest ideas about the service or certain activities. We will write a custom essay sample on 5 Stategies to Involve Parents or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having the box in an accessible place is important in order for every parent to know where it is and have immediate access. Putting in place some parent suggested ideas will continue to encourage parent involvement. Parent Read Along: A parent read along is a good way to include parents in an activity with the kids at the center while increasing child development. This is an activity that could take place once a month that encourages parents read a story to their child’s classroom. Having parents come read to children at story time will be a quick and efficient way to involve parents; preferably the story session day and time should meet the need of the parent. This in return lets the parents know that the center is dedicated to putting the child and family first. I believe this strategy would benefit the development of children because it encourages and promotes learning while reading in addition to parent involvement. Keep Parents Updated: Keeping parents informed of what takes place on a daily basis, upcoming events and how they can get involved is an open invitation. Finding additional creative ways of spreading the news rather than by word of mouth may be a little catchier. Having flyers, newsletters, or possibly sending emails may grasp the attention of the parent; being that technology is so dominate and people communicate via e-mail frequently. Going the extra mile shows that your daycare center encourages parental involvement. Bring Your Parent To Center Day: Having events that are centered on parental participation is another way to get parents involved. An event like bring your parent to Center day puts parents in the spotlight. The Parents Day event resembles that of show and tell. Parents can show off their skills while interacting with their child (ren) at the center. It would be good to have this type of event maybe once a month in order to give each child’s parent(s) an opportunity while providing varying days and times. Progress Meetings: Every parent should take interest in their child’s progress and achievements. A progress meeting encourages parental involvement. Progress meetings can be scheduled accordingly or spur of the moment. Scheduling meetings to best fit the need of the parent shows concern in the matter. Updating a parent of their child’s progress while they are signing them out counts as well. Making parents aware that their involvement with their child will likely have benefits for their child’s development also may produce more participation at the center. When other parents see parents getting involved they usually will too. This strategy as well contributes to the development of children because for one the parent is involved. Having parent involvement encourages children to push on and do well. Progress meetings helps acknowledge problem areas if any so that, if additional help is needed the parent is aware and will do as such. How to cite 5 Stategies to Involve Parents, Papers

Development Plan Management Skill Booster

Question: A. Briefly explain the following terms with reference to learning styles:1 Activist2 Pragmatist3 Theorist4 Reflector B. Evaluate the following self-learning approaches.1 Learning through research.2 Mentoring/coaching.3 Seminars.4 Use of the internet.5 Social networks.6 Secondments. Compile the different types of learning styles and approaches in a professional report using Harvard Referencing to document your research. Title page. Contents page. Introduction. Separate sections for the different types of learning styles and approaches. Include additional research when explaining Parts A and B. References and Bibliography.Task 2: LO1.2Explain ways how you could encourage lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts (500 words). Your explanation should include the following:1 Continuing Professional Development (CPD).2 Further education (FE).3 Linking higher education (HE) with industry.4 Recognition of prior learning (RPL/APL).5 Apprenticeships.6) Write a report detailing im provements to the five areas above in Task 2 to make them more successful for lifelong learning. You will need to include evidence of research and theorists.(500 words)TASK 3: LO1.3Evaluate the benefits of self-managed to the individual and organisation (500 Words). Your explanation should include the following:1 Improved ability range with personal learning.2 Evidence of improved levels of skill.3 Feedback from others.Learning achievements Answer: Introduction Learning styles can be simply defined as the behaviour and/or attitudes that determines the different approaches individuals have towards a preferred way of learning. They validate the fact that students learn differently. Since each individual student has different characteristics and requirements, it is of utmost importance that the teacher recognizes these and have their educational material i.e. daily activities, assessments and the curriculum cater for the said characteristics and requirements. The various classifications of students learning styles will be discussed later. Self-learning, also referred to as autodidactcism or self-education, can be defined as the learning of a subject or subjects in which the person has had little or no exposure to formal education. Self-learning is sometimes viewed as a complement of modern education thereby encouraging students to do more independent work. Self-discipline and reflective capability are important traits required in self-learning. Classification Of Learning Styles Activists These are characters who learn things by doing and develop the skills required while on the job. They get their hands dirty. Normally, they live in the present and are not interested in planning. Repetition bores them. Their approach to learning is open minded and they involve themselves fully and without any form of bias when faced with new experiences. They have a code, Ill try anything once.(Pritchard, Allan, 2014). They act first and the consequences are considered later. Once the excitement from one activity dies, they get busy with next challenge that presents itself. Activists approach their problems through brainstorming, group discussions, competitions, puzzles and role-play. Pragmatist These are characters who are keen on trying out new ideas, technique or theories just to see if they actually work in practice. They experiment the ideas with applications. They will experiment but not bother with the dissection of the results that follows. If something works, then it is good, if it does not work, then there is no need of wasting time wondering why it did not. They will instead move on to something new to try out. They view problems and opportunity as a challenge. The have a code, There is always a better way and If it works, then its good. They engage in discussions, case studies and take time to think about how to apply learning in reality.(Pritchard, Allan, 2014) Theorist These type of learners like to comprehend the theory behind certain actions they engage in. They adapt and integrate the observations they make into logical theories. They are perfectionists who give their all until everything is in place. They dislike subjectivity and ambiguity and hence tend to be analytical, detached and dedicated to rational objectivity. Their code is, If it is logical, it is good.(Pritchard, Allan, 2014). The approach they take towards problems is logical. They will involve models, gather background information and apply theories in problem solving. Reflectors These characters learn by observation. They are the look before you leap type. They are really cautious and thorough. They would rather sit back and observe than take the lead. They take their time in decision making process by reviewing experiences from different perspectives and as such their decisions are sound. Their code is be cautious. They adopt a low profile and are often quite in groups.(Pritchard, Allan, 2014) Self Learning Approaches 1: Learning Trough Research This involves comprehension of learning in which the learner determines, does tests and reflection of their own learning goals in a responsible and self-managed way. It is usually realised through individual work Mentoring/Coaching Mentoring refers to the support and encouragement offered to people on how to manage their own learning so as to maximize on their potential, performance improvement, and develop their skills. A mentor should instil and boost self confidence in a person. Coaching may refer to the act of one person guiding another through processes that will ultimately lead to personal enhancement. It is about building a relationship that is based on choices rather than advice.(Boud, D. 2013) Seminars Attending of seminars of conferences exposes one different ideas and experiences, which go a long way in improving their personal skills and development. Public speaking also improves greatly as the confidence to stand and communicate to people is boosted. Use Of The Internet Surfing different websites in search of specific articles or solutions to various problems can make people gain knowledge. The internet is vast and contains huge amounts of data. Dedicated sites like Google offer easy access to useful information which people can use to gain the required knowledge. Social Networks There are many social networks out there like Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram, and Twitter among others. People can spend time in these networks, chatting with friends or learning new things. People share information, including current affairs and motivation which one can apply for the betterment of ones life. Problems that require solutions can be posted in social networks so that people from other places may provide solutions.(Boud, D. 2013) Secondments These can be viewed as job trials. It involves temporary leaving ones current position of employment to another under a different or same employer. This experience may help one learn a lot about another post and possibly apply the ideas and knowledge gained within their employed position(Boud, D. 2013). Secondments should be carefully negotiated to maintain confidentiality of vital information within an organisation. Ways Of Encouraging Lifelong Learning In Personal And Professional Contexts. Lifelong learning may be referred to as the process of learning throughout ones life. It requires a change in the mind-set of an individual and usually goes hand in hand with accountability. Considering CPD (Continuing Professional Development), introduction of changes with regards to the way in which students are assessed, and development of a student portfolio as a means of assessment can discourage superficial learning. It will lead to adoption of a learning style. Tutors should identify the key role they play in encouraging students to apply their skills and knowledge into practice thus allowing students to develop lifelong learning skills. Being well-educated with good academic background doesnt automatically mean employment, employers are looking for well-balanced people who are keen to learn and develop. In case a person is unemployed, the available time can be put in to learning something new which may end up opening channels that would not have otherwise been available. When employed, a person can make good the chances of training, mentoring or coaching opportunities that come up. This will enable them work on their continuous professional development and hence cement their position of employment or even be in line for a promotion. In the modern day and age, new things are always coming up. Be it technology, inventions or discoveries. It becomes essential that in order to keep up with the changing trends an individual should seek further education (FE). In particular, technological advancements are at an all-time high, organizations encourage that the employees should keep themselves updated at all times. This will entail seeking further education as a way to encourage lifelong learning. Most organizations have to train the employees once they are hired. This process can be costly and time-consuming to the organization. The reason why this is so is that, most of the learning done in the education systems doesnt provide hands on practical skills required in the industries. Linking of the education provided in the system with the industry will facilitate the nurturing of students who possess the skills required by the industry. The industry benefits from innovations made by the students while the education system will receive additional resources to equip the individual with skills. Recognition of prior learning (RPL) maybe referred to as an assessment process of the learning acquired by an individual be it formal, informal or non-formal prior to enrolment in a given programme. RPL encourages individuals to enroll or re-enroll into formal education which leads to qualification and awarding of credit for things already known in the programme. Through lifelong learning, one may qualify for many credits enrolled for, by possessing skills acquired informally. RPL eliminates the need for duplicate learning i.e. learning what one already knows. It encourages an individual to keep on acquiring and upgrading their skills and work towards attaining formal qualifications. Apprenticeship is a system offering on-the-job training with some accompaniment of classroom work study and reading. They are mainly for employers who want to have a qualified workforce with instilled skill and loyalty. The apprenticeship system can be used to employ new staff and also develop the skills of the employed individuals. It is part of lifelong learning that ensures the employees are up-to-date and qualified. Apprenticeships cultivate productive, loyal, enthusiastic and hardworking people who readily address skill shortage and enhance the reputation of the organization. Improvement Of Longlife Learning Continuing Professional Development (CPD) revolves around continuous acquisition of knowledge and skill. Proper time planning can go a long way in ensuring an individual is able to set aside some time specifically dedicated to improving on the skills acquired or to acquire more. This will also ensure that there is no overlap with personal or work commitments in the case of an employed individual. Im the case of students, proper time planning will ensure that they dont end up missing classes in the pursuit of professional development. Organizations should also facilitate frequent mentorship and coaching programmes that aim at developing the skills of the employees and also exposing them to new ideas that expands their knowledge. Construction of adequate facilities to provide education to people want to seek advanced or additional knowledge in various subjects can go a long way in improving the offering of further education to individuals. Operation of the facilities should be in such a way that distant and online learning is incorporated to ensure that people from far off places get a chance to further their studies. Where sit in classes are required, part time options should be offered such that individuals who are employed are able to expand their knowledge base. Technology fairs are another good way to expose the employees in an organization to ensure that they are up-to-date with the current technology. At a personal level, spending more time with people who are intellectual can expand ones knowledge base as their habits will rub off on you and they are bound to share their knowledge with you. Encouraging teaching of practical skills rather than purely theoretical material in higher learning institutions can with time, bridge the gap between the industries and higher education. Instilling practical mind-sets in the students will ensure they get right into the industrial workforce without going through training to acquire the required skills. Inviting prominent personalities from the industries to offer talks to students in higher learning institutions about what is required of them in the industries can stir the need to acquire practical skills while still in school. When enrolling into formal programmes, exemptions should be offered to individuals found to possess the learning that is to be offered in the said programme. This, of course, is after conducting Recognition of Prior Learning assessment. People with skills acquired through formal, informal on non-formal ways can as such gain formal recognition and be awarded credits. The exemptions would greatly improve the war recognition of prior learning is viewed. This way, many individuals will be encouraged to join formal institutions as they are aware that any learning relevant to the programs enrolled will be recognized. In the process, long-life learning is promoted. Acquiring additional training and putting into practice the learning acquired can complement the apprenticeship offered to an individual. In learning institutions, engaging in apprenticeship activities during ones free time can enable an individual build practical approaches to the learning taught in school. Projects can be assigned to students to build on their skills. Organization should encourage apprenticeship by hiring/employing apprentices. Benefits Of Self-Managed Learning To The Individual Team work skills The art of team work in learning institutions provide an individual with the necessary social and team player skills that can be employed in the work place/organization Presentation skills In trying to show what knowledge an individual has acquired, they learn how to do presentations to other people and also boost their confidence through public speaking. In the long learn the skills acquired by the individual may benefit the organization. Communication skills Self-learning improves the individuals communication and writing skills. Through interaction with peers and the sharing of knowledge, individuals are able to learn things they did not know about. In academic setups, some people are chosen to be class representatives and hence are able to nurture leadership skills at an early age. This will be useful to the individual in terms of personal growth. Self-learning challenges individuals to come up with their own learning that they are able to share and hence connect with others. Through self-leaning, individuals are able to achieve goals set at a certain phase of their lives. Their intellectual capacity is increased together with the confidence they possess and this makes them more capable and full of opportunity compared to their counterparts who do not practice self-learning. As they grow to their peak, their margin of error at the personal or professional level reduces greatly and they can easily get the top positions in any organization. This will contribute greatly to their career growth. Benefits of self managed learning to the organization. Decision making Through self-learning, individuals are able to acquire vital decision making skills through the various learning experiences (work or education) they have been exposed to. This could be a huge advantage to the organization that has employed the individual as they will have someone on board who can be relied upon to make critical decision.(Graves, N. 2013) Ethics Through personal experiences, individuals are able to learn about moral judgement and also situations that will require such judgement. This could be a profession wise advantage to the organization. Problem solving Through ones pursue of work, education, hobbies or interests, exposure to different problems is unavoidable. The way the individual handles such problems leads to development of problem solving skills obtained through self-learning. Such kind of skills are transferable and can be applied to deal with problems in an organization that hires such an individual.(Graves, N. 2013) Flexibility Personal commitments may limit the output of an individual when assigned to do some tasks by the organization. However, an individual, through skills acquired from self-learning, knows that focusing on the organizations objectives will enable them to be committed to the tasks assigned, for the benefit of the organization. Therefore, organizations will look for flexible individuals. Organizations are able to get individuals who are responsible, dedicated and capable. Important and crucial duties could end up being assigned to them. Individuals with such kind of skills acquired through self-learning end up being promoted in the organization and will act as role models to their fellow employees. Encouraging them to engage in self-learning. This will be a huge benefit to the organization.(Graves, N. 2013) References Back, D. and et. al., 2003. Interpersonal skills in organizations with management skill booster passcard. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Morgenstern, J., 2004. Time management from the inside out. New York: Henry and Company. Boud, D. 2013. Enhancing learning through self-assessment. London: Routledge. Collin, R. and Hammond, M. 2013. Self-directed learning: critical practice. London: Routledge. Graves, N. 2013. Learner managed learning: practice, theory and policy. London: Routledge. Pritchard, Allan, 2014. Learning styles. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: New York: Routledge. Wikipedia, 2016. Learning styles. Viewed on 20 September 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles. Wikipedia, 2016. Lifelong learning. Viewed on 20 September 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifelong_learning. UK Essays, 2016. Self-managed learning, definition and discussion. Viewed on 20 September 2016, https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/what-do-you-understand-by-self-managed-learning.php. Self-managed learning. Viewed on 20 September 2016, https://www.dissertationhomework.com/essays/education/self-managed-learning.

Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction

Correct psychological assessment and testing is the first step towards a successful psychological intervention. Although existing psychological assessment and testing methods and instruments are found to be helpful, there is always question about possible bias when applied in minority populations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is possibility of individuals from minority cultural and ethnic groups being assessed inappropriately because of possible generalization of the psychological tests. Many scholars admit existence of cultural bias in psychological assessment and psychological therapies. Addressing cultural bias in psychology, Rogler (1992) noted cultural bias in research methodology, testing and treatment. Addressing psychological assessment and testing, the scholar noted that there was over-generalization of results without considering possible difference across cultures. Indeed, what is considered healthy differs in one culture to the other. In most cases, however, psychological health is associated with self-confidence, independence, assertiveness and having internal control (Carter, 1991). However, the qualities and characteristics that denote health and normality in majority Whites may not be applicable to clients originating from minority ethnic and cultural groups. According to Rogler (1992), application of psychological testing to minority groups may lead to negative results that may show the status of minority cultural and ethnic individuals to be undesirable. Carter (1991) noted that cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing can make individuals originating from minority cultural and ethnic groups to seen as less psychologically healthy. Confirming presence of cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing, Samuda (1998) discussed psychological testing in minority e thnic and cultural groups in the United States. In the discussion, Samuda affirmed that there were clear bias in psychological assessment and testing in use. Psychological assessment and testing that does not take cultural difference in consideration is not only marginalizing but can also lead to psychological interventions that can harm a client. It is therefore prudent for psychologists to consider cultural background and level of acculturation when applying and interpreting results from psychological assessment and testing.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Appropriate psychological assessment and testing should consider unique features of the culture that a client belongs as well as the mainstream culture (Arredondo Perez, 2006). For accurate psychological assessment over culture and ethnic minorities, conventional psychological assessment should ether be altered, or new psychological tests that are specific to cultural and ethnic minority developed. When using conventional psychological tests designed for European American, psychological therapists should take cultural background of their clients into consideration. However, psychological tests designed for specific ethic or cultural group, such as Latin American Stress Test, are most appropriate. Multicultural competence of a psychologist is an important factor to successful psychological testing and treatment (Arredondo Perez, 2006). In context of psychological assessment, multicultural competence refers to ability and willingness of a psychologist to consider cultural data throughout the process. Cultural competence can help psychologists to determine their clients’ level of acculturation, incorporate their client’s culture when interpreting assessment and applying the most appropriate psychological intervention. Cultural bias in psychological assessment and testing is a significa nt barrier to successful psychological intervention in minority cultural and ethnic groups. Most of psychological assessment and testing in use are designed with the mainstream European Americans in mind and may not be effective with minority cultural groups. Multicultural competence and use of psychological tests designed for specific minority ethnic and cultural groups can help in minimizing cultural bias in psychological assessment. Reference List Arredondo, P. Perez, P. (2006). Historical perspectives on the multicultural guidelines and contemporary applications. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(1), 1-5.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Carter, R. (1991). Cultural Values: A Review of Empirical Research and Implications for Counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development 70(1), 164-173 Rogler L. (1992). T he role of culture in mental health diagnosis: the need for programmatic research. The Journal of nervous and mental disease 180, 745-747 Samuda, R. (1998). Psychological testing of American minorities: issues and consequences. New York: SAGE This research paper on Value of Assessment and Testing Instruction was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Authorization Definition - How Federal Agencies are Born

Authorization Definition - How Federal Agencies are Born Did you ever wonder how a federal program or agency came into being? Or why they theres a battle every year over whether they should receive taxpayer money for their operations? The answer is in the federal authorization process. An authorization is defined as a piece of  legislation that establishes or continues one or  more federal agencies or programs, according to the government. An authorization bill that become law either creates a new agency or program and then allows for it to be funded by taxpayer money. An authorization bill typically sets how much money those agencies and programs get, and how they should spend the money.   Authorization bills can create both permanent and temporary programs. Examples of permanent programs are Social Security and Medicare, which are often referred to as  entitlement programs.  Other programs that are not statutorily provided for on a permanent basis are funded annually or every few years as part of the appropriations process. So the creation of federal programs and agencies happens through the authorization process. And the existence of those programs and agencies is perpetuated through the appropriations process. Heres a closer look at the authorization process and the appropriation process.   Authorization Definition   Congress and the president establish programs through the authorization process. Congressional committees with jurisdiction over specific subject areas write the legislation. The term â€Å"authorization† is used because this type of legislation authorizes the expenditure of funds from the federal budget. An authorization may specify how much money should be spent on a program, but it does not actually set aside the money. The allocation of taxpayer money happens during the appropriations process. Many programs are authorized for a specific amount of time. The committees are supposed to review the programs before their expiration to determine how well they are working and whether they should continue to receive funding. Congress has, on occasion, created programs without funding them. In one of the most high-profile examples, the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No Child Left Behind† education bill  passed during the George W. Bush administration was an authorization bill that established a number of programs to improve the nation’s schools. It did not, however, say the federal  government  would  definitely spend money on the programs. An authorization bill is rather like a necessary hunting license for an appropriation rather than a guarantee, writes  Auburn University political scientist Paul Johnson.  No appropriation can be made for an unauthorized program, but even an authorized program may still die or be unable to perform all its assigned functions for lack of a sufficiently large appropriation of funds. Appropriations Definition In appropriations bills, Congress and the president state the amount of money that will be spent on federal programs during the next fiscal year.   In general, the appropriations process addresses the discretionary portion of the budget – spending ranging from national defense to food safety to education to federal employee salaries, but excludes mandatory spending, such as Medicare and Social Security, which is spent automatically according to formulas, says the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. There are 12 appropriations subcommittees in each house of Congress. They are divided among broad subject areas and each writes an annual appropriations measure. The 12 appropriations subcommittees in the House and Senate are: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related AgenciesCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related AgenciesDefenseEnergy and Water DevelopmentFinancial Services and General GovernmentHomeland SecurityInterior, Environment, and Related AgenciesLabor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related AgenciesLegislative BranchMilitary Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related AgenciesState, Foreign Operations, and Related ProgramsTransportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Sometimes programs dont get the necessary funding during the appropriations process even though theyve been authorized.  In perhaps the most glaring example, critics of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† education law  say that while Congress and the Bush administration created the program in the authorization process, they never adequately sought to fund them through the appropriations process.   It is possible for Congress and the president to authorize a program but not to follow through with funding for it. Problems With the Authorization and Appropriations System There are a couple of problems with the authorization and appropriations  process. First, Congress has failed to review and reauthorize many programs. But  it also has not let those programs expire. The House and Senate simply waive their rules and set aside money for the programs anyway. Second, the difference between authorizations and appropriations confuses most voters. Most people assume that if a program is created by the federal government  it is also funded. Thats wrong.   [This article was updated in July 2016 by U.S. Politics Expert Tom Murse.]

Practical Considerations in Gene Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Practical Considerations in Gene Therapy - Essay Example The important practical considerations pertain to applications, problems, ethics, communications, and prospects. Using the perspective of Culver (1994a), Cotrim and Baum explained that gene therapy is a procedure that â€Å"typically involves the insertion of a functioning gene cells to correct dysfunction or to provide new cellular functions.† Culver (1994a) is a physician’s handbook on gene therapy. In 1994, Culver (1994b) had already outlined a procedure for the clinical applications of gene therapy for cancers. When a medical situation involves defective genes, an option to use gene therapy arises. Some of the diseases that result from defective genes include immunodeficiency syndromes, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and many types of cancers (Cotrim and Baum 2008, p. 97). Another perspective on gene therapy comes from the United Kingdom Parliament Office on Science and Technology. According to the Office (2005, p. 1), gene therapy â€Å"involves the introduction of genetic material into a cell to treat disease.† Finally, another alternative definition of gene therapy is â€Å"transferring recombinant genetic material (DNA or RNA) to the host cell in order to change the gene expression in the host cell in order to change the gene expression in the host cell to attain therapeutic effect.† Most likely, the definitions we choose to adopt or highlight can be associated with the specific therapy or ailments on which we want gene therapy to work.

Intervention Research and System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intervention and System - Research Paper Example On the other hand, system research considers connections among components and plans for the implications of their interactions to communities and environments. It calls for active involvement of those who have taken part in order to govern the course of change. A good example In this case is when the networks of organizations and scientists from around the world pull together and try to reason the complexity of weather patterns and come up with more accurate and timely weather forecasts. However, the integration of systems theory for public health programs has played some major roles. It brings about critical considerations to historical processes, practical challenges as well as ethical considerations that may arise. It also reflects critically the evidence and evidence based policies and practice (Melnyk & Morrison-Beedy, 2012).   It uses methods that lead to a more constructive examination of complex adaptive systems and this helps to solve problems that are complex and dynamic. Because of its effectiveness, it has been applied in various research disciplines where many research methods had failed, particularly in the approach that was used to control tobacco and also in weather forecasting by the forecasting model group which has so far proven

Innovation in Topp Tiles Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation in Topp Tiles Plc - Case Study Example The innovative strategies adopted by Topp Tiles includes evolving appropriate marketing strategies, establishing excellent ,customer support and enhancing the online business operations. The study undertaken have given the wider perspective on the impact of the innovation that would help the organisations maintain the leadership in the market. The observations made from this study have helped to evolve a framework of practices that organisations could adopt to make them the most acceptable by the clients and also successful in business operations. Top tiles are the most favoured brands in the floor tile segment across UK and other major European countries. Since opening of the first specialist tile centre in Manchester in the year 1963, Topp tiles were offering its customers high quality products. The reasons for its success during all through these years was due to the competitive strategy it had adopted by recruiting, training and retaining highly competitive staff who are knowledgeable, friendly to customers and also highly committed to the profession. The business strategy too is beyond the revenue and enhanced sales volume. They take extra care to see that their customers are able to complete the particular task for which the Topp tiles products were purchased. A DVD which explains "How to do it" clearly shows the commitment to the customer by explaining the process the customers must undergo to get the maximum benefit from the purchased products. Its these policies that have helped the Topp tiles to become the Britain's largest tile and wood flooring specialist with over 250 stores over U.K. and adding atleast 20 stores every year (Topp Tiles, n.d.). 1.2 Financial performance of Topp Tiles :Year 2008 (Topp Tiles,2008) * Total revenue increased by 0.1 % to 208.1 million. * Group gross margin is 61.8 % * Operating profit of 34.6 million and profit before tax reported as27.7million. * Basic earning per share 11.16 p. 1.3 Future Challenges Till the end of the year 2008 the business was going well for the Topp tiles Plc. Having opened 10 new stores across different places in UK and trading from the centres being raised to over 300, the revenues reported have shown a marginal increase than that of the previous year (Topp Tiles, n.d.). Inspite of the prevalence of highly turbulent weather and reduced consumer spending, the company was able to wither the problems and maintain the required business by appropriately strategizing its marketing plan. The additional spending it had made on a national level TV advertisement campaign coupled with the inflationary trends have resulted in the increased gross expenditure of 43 percent of the total revenue,

Cooperative Learning Academic Social

Cooperative Learning Academic Social Cooperative Learning Academic Social Literature Review: Cooperative learning is an informative technique in which students work together in small fixed groups on a structured learning with the aim of maximizing their own and each others learning (Johnson Johnson 1986). Cooperative learning has two very striking aspects on focus; these are academic and social learning benefits. Academic benefits include high grades in all that they achieve, reading intellectual capacity, keeping the kids physically fit, enhanced hypothetical understanding and great triumph in science. Social benefits focus mostly behaviors towards certain tasks and the way they relate among group members, development of higher skill that come from within and self esteem. Social benefits also focus on how they positively relate with others, how they involve themselves in class activities and to develop a positive attitude towards schooling. (Johnson Johnson 1986, Buron, James and Ambrosio 1993; Gillies 1999: Gillies and Ashman 1998; McManus and Gettinge r, 1996) Johnson and Johnson’s â€Å"Learning together† approach involves a more collaborative approach in which students are directed to coordinate their efforts towards task completion emphasizing less on competition. One purpose of the approach is to cater for the third grade leaner’s’ cooperative learning. Several studies on the application of cooperative learning in computer classes have been carried out. Barons (1999) studied the effects of 276 fifth and sixth grader cooperative learning and their ability to form groups during microcomputer learning. The outcome of the four measures of achievement did not go for the idea of cooperative learning or the ability to form groups during microcomputer learning. Seymor (1994) did his study with 57 computer aided design students. Some students worked individually while being given commands by their teacher, another group worked cooperatively and the last group combined both approaches. Seymor made conclusions later on , that cooperative learning proved more efficient in the use of computers. While cooperative learning has so merits behind it towards the students’ academic achievement, building of self esteem, active learning, achievement of equity and the development of social skills, it surely is not a universal remedy for education; it cannot solve all the problems for the students. (Cohen, 1994; Johnson Johnson, 1989; Kagan, 1992; Slavin, 1995), found out that students who had behavioral disorders and had not received proper social skills, performed better with direct instructions rather than with the cooperative approach. Its for this reason that teachers will be advised to have some substantial understanding of how o bring to effect their design of cooperative learning. They should take relative or social-ecological variables into consideration, as proper initial consultation while using cooperative learning requires strong basis in the theoretical and empirical foundation before it is used. The use of computers in group learning enhances deep learning and critical thinking (Eunsook Hyun 44 (2005) 69–91). The children tend to move deeper into what they are learning and critically analyze the activity, to get a deeper understanding. According to these researchers (Newman, Johnson, Webb, Cochrane, 1997), the critical thinking chains positive peer self-motivation, learner’s internal evaluation and the amalgamation of newly acquired information with the already existing comprehension. In the early childhood classes, the computer technology can be used as means of motivating collaborative learning (Eunsook, 2005). Crook (1998), from his own perspective observed that children cooperate and learn collaboratively. If natural and learner-favoring environments were provided, where the children are free to explore, negotiate with their peers, teach and share with their peers, while taking charge of their own learning, would be critical in uncovering the characteristics of young children’s cooperative-learning behavior in now a classroom rich in computer technology. Eunsook (2005) also cites Crook (1991) arguing that technology based activities are effective especially when they help the groups of kids to explore ideas at developmentally meaningful levels. Roth et al (p.1009) describes how a particular computer display affords the possibility of a coherent conversation. Malone and Lepper (1987) show how certain computer games afford intrinsic motivation. This includes control of activity, interactivity, immediate results, graded goals, conflict and moderate certainty. The outcome of interest was working theories or schemas and the individual technology relationship can be described as anchoring. In Papert’s book, Mindstorms, (1980), he asserts that anything is easy if it can be assimilated to your collection of models. He continues to put it across that what an individual can learn and how he learns it depends on what models he has available. Children tend to assimilate the real things, for instance Mathematics, with what interests them most or what preoccupies their minds most. Ceci and Bronfenbrenner (1985, 1991) studied students of age 10 and 14, and found out that a change in how a certain was located, changed the skill of the children. In one of their studies they changed the computer settings in a laboratory. Geometric shapes were to be predicted using a video game setting. In this, the migration of butterflies was to be predicted. The cursor was changed to the picture of a butterfly net and the students were to capture the insects in the butterfly net instead of pointing to the position of the shapes The authors describe strategic and attention behavior that was more efficient for a particular problem solving task in the more familiar context than in a laboratory context. There appeared to be several aspects of a meaningful or comfortable context that anchor the skill, knowledge or strategy. For a variety of reason, then the technology or the problem is more transparent, understandable if anchored to meaning and effect. Nicola Yelland (1999) in his article â€Å"Technology as play† has tried to paint the picture of how the advent of technology has contributed greatly towards how children learn from the technology through play. Learning is not only fun but children can actively form their own meanings and make sense out of the world around them, in different ways. The angle in which toys were observed has changed considerably over the years after the invention of the new technologies. They have brought other dimensions to objects that previously were taken to play a passive role. Computer software that allows children to engage in play tends to be unrestricted and do not simply require the child to press a button to get a feedback. Such softwares are regarded as high yielding cognitive actions. Some software enables children to play with the real world items such as musical instruments, but now in a different dimension. The children can create their own sounds using these softwares which prove to be so interesting to them and a motivation to even create more tunes. Nicola Yelland ha also identified, through other research works, softwares that contribute towards play include the electronic games. Some of these games involve the application of education concepts such as early skills in science and art, like making patterns, matching objects and placing object according to certain specifications. Traditional activities can now be complemented with different experiences that have been made possible with the new information technologies. The new information technologies and the activities associated with them have the potential to extend new learning in new and exciting ways. The question that hovers in many researchers’ minds is whether really children can really learn effectively using the collaborative approach, in a technology filled classroom. Young children are very enthusiastic about technology and therefore, they may be less inhibited about working with computers than adults (Clements, 1994; Haugland, 1999, 2000; Shade, 1999). But the question still remains; how do they behave if placed in a classroom with a great deal of technology. However, little attention in writing has been taken about the impact of this kind of an environment on the computer proficiency of young children. Tiene and Luft (2001a&b; 2000ab) completed a number of quantitative studies focusing on teacher’s general perception of children’s collaboration learning in this kind of a facility. The teachers reported that both they and their students improved their technological proficiency during the time they were in the technology saturated environment. REFERENCES Charles Crook (1998). â€Å"Children as computer users: The case of collaborative learning† Computers and Education pg 237-245. Eunsook Hyun (2005). â€Å"A study of 5- to 6-year-old children’s peer dynamics and dialectical learning in a computer-based technology-rich classroom environment† Computers Education 44 (2005) 69–91 Tiene, D., Luft, P. (2000b; 2001b). â€Å"Classroom dynamics in a technology-rich learning environment.† Learning and Learning with Technology 29(4), pg10–13. Shu Ching Yang and Shu Fang Liu (2005) â€Å"The study of interactions and attitudes of third-grade students learning information technology via a cooperative approach† Computers in Human Behavior Pg 46-49. Margret Carr (2001). â€Å"Analyzing the Relationship between the Learner and Everyday Technology in Early Childhood† Journal of Research Science in Education pg 29-33

Government :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marriage is a word where a man and a woman come together in the eyes of God and pronounce their love for one another and are joined together as one. This concept has been the ways of the world for hundreds of years. However, marriage back during the eighteenth (18th) and nineteenth (19th) century was completely different from the way it is in the twenty-first (21st) century. Woman of today have better equal right to the world where they are seen as equals to men than woman back in the day. Over the years ancient philosophers tried to dissect the concept of equality for woman back during the 18th and 19th century. One of those philosophers was John Stuart Mills who developed a writing called the Subjection of Women, which dealt with the women’s emancipation. He also made references of sexual equality in his other works (Utilitarianism, On Liberty) as well. The institute of marriage has been oppressive to woman why is that so? That is what we are going to explore and find out. The institute of marriage was a burden to women during the 18th and 19th century because they were not seen as equals. They were either forced into marriage by their parents by marriage arrangements or they married for survival in the world. The men during that time were seen as the breadwinners. Men work to support the family financially, where the women bared the children, kept the home clean and ensured that there was a meal on the table every day. Women were not allowed to vote, play a role in politics, nor could they earn an income to support their family. Whatever the husband voted or how he played a role in his career and politics was the wife’s position as well. John Stuart Mills was a philosopher who believed in utilitarianism, which is the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. He believed this to be for both men and women. He advocated for women because he believed they needed to prosper in societies. He said that â€Å" women expressive power has been stifled and that if women fail to developed and if they are excluded from involvement, society as whole is impoverished if it denies itself their contributions † (Subjection of Women) He believes that women need to be out in the world doing the same things as men, and that they can contribute a lot to society.